How Psychological Ownership Increases Subordinate Commitment in Islamic Spirituality Workplace? A Case of Indonesian Islamic Boarding School

Andiana Rosid; Pramono Hari Adi; Ratno Purnomo

doi:10.25217/0020247417100

Authors

Andiana Rosid Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3592-2518
Pramono Hari Adi Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8727-0657
Ratno Purnomo Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6703-1792

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25217/0020247417100

Keywords:

affective commitment, authentic leadership, islamic workplace spirituality, psychological ownership

Abstract

This study aims to determine the role of organizational-based Psychological Ownership (PO) in the relationship between Authentic Leadership (AL), Islamic Workplace Spirituality (IWS) and Affective Commitment (AC) of Kiai’s followers/subordinates in Pesantren in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Regarding the direct relationship between variables, some of the findings in this study include: AL is positively and significantly related to PO and AC; so is the relationship between IWS and PO; and the relationship between IWS and AC is found to be insignificant. As for the mediating role, PO is proven to fully mediate the relationship between AL - AC, and IWS - AC. This indicates that PO is one of the key factors in the formation of AC, especially in the relationship between IWS and AC. At the same time, as a novelty in this study, PO as a mediating variable between AL and AC is a new finding that previous studies have not used. This study also proposes some theoretical and practical implications that can be expected to benefit researchers and organizational leaders.

References

Adawiyah, W. R., & Pramuka, B. A. (2017). Scaling the notion of Islamic spirituality in the workplace. Journal of Management Development, 36(7), 877-898. https://doi.org/10.1108/jmd-11-2014-0153

Aisyah, S., Ilmi, M. U., Rosyid, M. A., Wulandari, E., & Akhmad, F. (2022). Kiai Leadership Concept in The Scope of Pesantren Organizational Culture. Tafkir: Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Education, 3(1), 40-59. https://doi.org/10.31538/tijie.v3i1.106

Alawiyah, T., Tutty, A., Rosa, R., Saefurridjal, A., & Gaffar, A. (2023). Implementation of transformational leadership in islamic boarding school to improve the quality of students: a case study in cirebon and majalengka cities. Cite: Baltic Journal of Law & Politics, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.2478/bjlp-2023-0000017

Alok, K. (2014). Authentic leadership and psychological ownership: investigation of interrelations. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 35(4), 266-285. https://doi.org/10.1108/lodj-06-2012-0080

Arifin, S., & Haryanto, B. (2020). Humility di dalam kepemimpinan lembaga pendidikan islam. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Sosial Humaniora, 5(2), 109–115.

Arifin, Z., & Yu’timaalahuyatazaka, Y. t. (2017). Persepsi Santri dan Kiai terhadap Pluralisme Agama di Pendidikan Ulama Tarjih Muhammadiyah (PUTM) dan Aswaja Nusantara Yogyakarta. Al-Tahrir: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam,17(1), 179. https://doi.org/10.21154/altahrir.v17i1.722

Ashmos, D. P., & Duchon, D. (2016). Spirituality at Work. Journal of Management Inquiry, 9(2), 134-145. https://doi.org/10.1177/105649260092008

Avolio, B. J., Gardner, W. L., Walumbwa, F. O., Luthans, F., & May, D. R. (2004). Unlocking the mask: a look at the process by which authentic leaders impact follower attitudes and behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly, 15(6), 801-823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2004.09.003

Banks, G. C., McCauley, K. D., Gardner, W. L., & Guler, C. E. (2016). A meta-analytic review of authentic and transformational leadership: A test for redundancy. The Leadership Quarterly, 27(4), 634-652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2016.02.006

Bernhard, F., & O'Driscoll, M. P. (2011). Psychological Ownership in Small Family-Owned Businesses: Leadership Style and Nonfamily-Employees’ Work Attitudes and Behaviors. Group & Organization Management, 36(3), 345-384. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601111402684

Black, D. S., O'Reilly, G. A., Olmstead, R., Breen, E. C., & Irwin, M. R. (2015). Mindfulness meditation and improvement in sleep quality and daytime impairment among older adults with sleep disturbances: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med, 175(4), 494-501. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.8081

Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. In Exchange and Power in Social Life. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203792643

Chasanah, N. (2021). Leadership of Kiai and Students' Obedience in Islamic Boarding School. Resolusi: Jurnal Sosial Politik, 4(1), 42–52. https://doi.org/10.32699/resolusi.v4i1.1875

Clapp-Smith, R., Vogelgesang, G. R., & Avey, J. B. (2008). Authentic Leadership and Positive Psychological Capital. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 15(3), 227-240. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051808326596

Dahleez, K. A., Aboramadan, M., & Bansal, A. (2020). Servant leadership and affective commitment: the role of psychological ownership and person–organization fit. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 29(2), 493-511. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-03-2020-2105

Dansereau, F., Graen, G., & Haga, W. J. (1975). A vertical dyad linkage approach to leadership within formal organizations. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 13(1), 46-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(75)90005-7

Deci, E. L., Olafsen, A. H., & Ryan, R. M. (2017). Self-Determination Theory in Work Organizations: The State of a Science. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4(1), 19-43. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113108

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The "What" and "Why" of Goal Pursuits: Human Needs and the Self-Determination of Behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli1104_01

Delle, M. T., & Segaro, E. L. (2023). Workplace spirituality and entrepreneurial behavior among employees in organizations: the role of psychological ownership. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy. https://doi.org/10.1108/jec-10-2022-0161

Desa, N. M., & Koh, D. P. (2011). The Workplace Spirituality and Affective Commitment Among Auditors in Big Four Public Accounting Firms: Does It Matter? Journal of Global Management, 2(2), 216–226. https://doi.org/http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=67028890&site=ehost-live

Djafri, F., & Nordin, K. B. (2017). The impact of workplace spirituality on organizational commitment: a case study of Takaful agents in Malaysia. Humanomics, 33(3), 384–396.

Ekeh, P. P., & Homans, G. C. (1976). Social Behavior: Its Elementary Forms. Contemporary Sociology, 5(4), 516. https://doi.org/10.2307/2063864

Faisal, A., Pabbajah, M., Abdullah, I., Muhammad, N. E., & Rusli, M. (2022). Strengthening religious moderatism through the traditional authority of kiai in Indonesia. Cogent Social Sciences, 8(1).https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2150450

Gardner, D. G., Pierce, J. L., & Lv, F. (2022). An Empirical Examination of the Genesis of Psychological Ownership. Merits, 3(1), 37-50. https://doi.org/10.3390/merits3010003

Gardner, W. L., Avolio, B. J., Luthans, F., May, D. R., & Walumbwa, F. (2005). “Can you see the real me?” A self-based model of authentic leader and follower development. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(3), 343-372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.03.003

Garg, N. (2017). Workplace Spirituality and Organizational Performance in Indian Context: Mediating Effect of Organizational Commitment, Work Motivation and Employee Engagement. South Asian Journal of Human Resources Management, 4(2), 191-211. https://doi.org/10.1177/2322093717736134

Gefen, D., Straub, D. W., Boudreau, M. C., Gefen, D., Straub, D. W., & Boudreau, M. (2000). Structural Equation Modeling and Regression: Guidelines for Research Practice. Communications of the association for information systems, 4(1), 7.

Ghozali, I., & Latan, H. (2015). Concepts, Techniques, Applications Using Smart PLS 3.0 for Empirical Research (2nd ed.). BP Undip.

Giacalone, R. A., & Jurkiewicz, C. L. (2010). The science of workplace spirituality. In Handbook of Workplace Spirituality and Organizational Performance (2th edition (2th ed.). Google Scholar

Gomam, G. M., Vem, L. J., & Panshak, R. G. (2017). Tetrad effect of perceived justice dimension on normative commitment, psychological ownership and organizational deviant behaviour: a conceptual framework. International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research and Development, 4(4), 69-84.

Gupta, M., Kumar, V., & Singh, M. (2013). Creating Satisfied Employees Through Workplace Spirituality: A Study of the Private Insurance Sector in Punjab (India). Journal of Business Ethics, 122(1), 79-88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1756-5

Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European business review, 31(1), 2-24.

Hair Jr, J. F., Matthews, L. M., Matthews, R. L., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). PLS-SEM or CB-SEM: updated guidelines on which method to use. International Journal of Multivariate Data Analysis, 1(2), 107. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijmda.2017.087624

Hanafi, Y., Taufiq, A., Saefi, M., Ikhsan, M. A., Diyana, T. N., Thoriquttyas, T., & Anam, F. K. (2021). The new identity of Indonesian Islamic boarding schools in the "new normal": the education leadership response to COVID-19. Heliyon, 7(3), e06549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06549

Hidayah, S. (2022). The Role of Kyai Implementing Character Education at As-Suniyyah Islamic Boarding School. International Proceedings of Nusantara Raya, 1(1), 407-410. https://doi.org/10.24090/nuraicon.v1i1.163

Hlongwane, V., & Olivier, B. (2017). Authentic leadership influences on organisational commitment in a South African state hospital. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 27(5), 400-404. https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2017.1375204

Houghton, J. D., Neck, C. P., & Krishnakumar, S. (2016). The what, why, and how of spirituality in the workplace revisited: a 14-year update and extension. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 13(3), 177-205. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766086.2016.1185292

Humaidy, R. I. (2021). Psychological Well-Being Ustadz Pengabdi Pesantren: studi di Pondok Pesantren Salafiyah Seblak Jombang [Universitas Negeri Sunan Ampel. http://digilib.uinsby.ac.id/id/eprint/51368

Ichsan, A. S., Samsudin, S., & Pranajati, N. R. (2021). Pesantren And Liberating Education (A Case Study at Islamic Boarding School ISC Aswaja Lintang Songo Piyungan Yogyakarta). DAYAH: Journal of Islamic Education, 4(1), 112. https://doi.org/10.22373/jie.v4i1.8269

Isbah, M. F. (2020). Pesantren in the Changing Indonesian Context: History and Current Developments. QIJIS (Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies), 8(1), 65–106. https://doi.org/10.21043/qijis.v8i1.5629

Kernis, M. H. (2003). Target Article: Toward a Conceptualization of Optimal Self-Esteem. Psychological Inquiry, 14(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli1401_01

Khalifaturohma, S. H., & Mufida, Z. (2020). Model Pembelajaran Problem Solving Di Pondok Pesantren. Ilmuna: Jurnal Studi Pendidikan Agama Islam, 2(2), 155-171. https://doi.org/10.54437/ilmuna.v2i2.171

Khoeriyah, M. (2019). Heutagogy in the Course of Pesantren Education (Case Study at Pesantren Salaf Al-Luqmaniyyah). Sunan Kalijaga International Journal on Islamic Educational Research, 3(1), 66-79. https://doi.org/10.14421/skijier.2019.2019.31.07

Liu, J., Wang, H., Hui, C., & Lee, C. (2011). Psychological Ownership: How Having Control Matters. Journal of Management Studies, 49(5), 869-895. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2011.01028.x

Luthans, F., & Avolio, B. (2003). Authentic Leadership Development. Positive Organizational Scholarship, 241(258), 1–26.

Mayhew, M. G., Ashkanasy, N. M., Bramble, T., & Gardner, J. (2007). A study of the antecedents and consequences of psychological ownership in organizational settings. J Soc Psychol, 147(5), 477-500. https://doi.org/10.3200/SOCP.147.5.477-500

Mercurio, Z. A. (2015). Affective Commitment as a Core Essence of Organizational Commitment. Human Resource Development Review, 14(4), 389-414. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484315603612

Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1(1), 61-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-z

Meyer, J. P., Stanley, D. J., Herscovitch, L., & Topolnytsky, L. (2002). Affective, Continuance, and Normative Commitment to the Organization: A Meta-analysis of Antecedents, Correlates, and Consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61(1), 20-52. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.2001.1842

Mukhtar, M., Risnita, R., & Prasetyo, M. A. M. (2020). The Influence of Transformational Leadership, Interpersonal Communication, and Organizational Conflict on Organizational Effectiveness. International Journal of Educational Review, 2(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.33369/ijer.v2i1.10371

Mundiri, A., & Muthmainnah, A. (2022). Power and Ability in Increasing Compliance; the Origin of Leaders’ Influence in Pesantren. MANAGERE : Indonesian Journal of Educational Management, 3(3), 211-224. https://doi.org/10.52627/ijeam.v3i3.177

Muslim, B. (2020). Pola Kompensasi Ustadz Pondok Pesantren Salafiyah di Kabupaten Barito Kuala. Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari.

Neider, L. L., & Schriesheim, C. A. (2011). The Authentic Leadership Inventory (ALI): Development and empirical tests. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(6), 1146-1164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.09.008

Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric Theory.

Peng, H. (2013). Why and when do people hide knowledge? Journal of Knowledge Management, 17(3), 398-415. https://doi.org/10.1108/jkm-12-2012-0380

Pierce, J. L., & Gardner, D. G. (2016). Self-Esteem Within the Work and Organizational Context: A Review of the Organization-Based Self-Esteem Literature. Journal of Management, 30(5), 591-622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jm.2003.10.001

Pierce, J. L., Kostova, T., & Dirks, K. T. (2001). Toward a Theory of Psychological Ownership in Organizations. The Academy of Management Review, 26(2), 298-310. https://doi.org/10.2307/259124

Pierce, K., & Dirks. (2003). The State of Psychological Ownership. Review of General Psychology, 314, 1–69.

Rego, A., & Pina e Cunha, M. (2008). Workplace spirituality and organizational commitment: an empirical study. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 21(1), 53-75. https://doi.org/10.1108/09534810810847039

Rego, P., Lopes, M. P., & Nascimento, J. L. (2016). Authentic leadership and organizational commitment: The mediating role of positive psychological capital. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 9(1), 129–151. https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.1540

Ribeiro, N., Duarte, A. P., Filipe, R., & David, R. (2021). Does authentic leadership stimulate organizational citizenship behaviors? The importance of affective commitment as a mediator. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, 13(2), 320-340. https://doi.org/10.1108/sampj-11-2019-0423

Ribeiro, N., Duarte, A. P., Filipe, R., & Torres de Oliveira, R. (2019). How Authentic Leadership Promotes Individual Creativity: The Mediating Role of Affective Commitment. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 27(2), 189-202. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051819842796

Rosita, N. (2018). Kepemimpinan Kharismatik Kiai di Pondok Pesantren Ali Maksum Krapyak Yogyakarta. SANGKéP: Jurnal Kajian Sosial Keagamaan, 1(2), 166-183. https://doi.org/10.20414/sangkep.v1i2.620

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2020). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation from a self-determination theory perspective: Definitions, theory, practices, and future directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101860

Sapta, I. K. S., Rustiarini, N. W., Kusuma, I. G. A. E. T., Astakoni, I. M. P., & Nazarian, A. (2021). Spiritual leadership and organizational commitment: The mediation role of workplace spirituality. Cogent Business & Management,8(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2021.1966865

Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Hair, J. F. (2020). Handbook of Market Research. In Handbook of Market Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05542-8

Semedo, A. S., Coelho, A., & Ribeiro, N. (2019). Authentic leadership, happiness at work and affective commitment. European business review, 31(3), 337-351. https://doi.org/10.1108/ebr-01-2018-0034

Semedo, A. S. D., Coelho, A. F. M., & Ribeiro, N. M. P. (2016). Effects of authentic leadership, affective commitment and job resourcefulness on employees’ creativity and individual performance. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 37(8), 1038-1055. https://doi.org/10.1108/lodj-02-2015-0029

Setiyani, W. (2020). The Exerted Authority of Kiai Kampung in the Social Construction of Local Islam. Journal of Indonesian Islam, 14(1), 51–76. https://doi.org/10.15642/jiis.2020.14.1.51-76

Shankar Pawar, B. (2009). Individual spirituality, workplace spirituality and work attitudes. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 30(8), 759-777. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730911003911

Sieger, P., Bernhard, F., & Frey, U. (2011, 2011). The committed and the happy: exploring the effects of justice and ownership perceptions among non-family employees 1th International Family Enterprise Research Academy (IFERA) Annual Conference, https://www.alexandria.unisg.ch/publications/111767

Suradi, A. A., & Surahman, B. (2020). Kiai’s role as ulama and umara: Implications to the pesantren education. Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik, 33(2). https://doi.org/10.20473/mkp.V33I22020.202-211

Tremblay, M., Hill, K., & Aubé, C. (2016). A time-lagged investigation of the mediating role of person–organization fit in the relationship between leader–member exchange and employee affective organizational commitment. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 26(1), 53-65. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432x.2016.1203306

Van Dyne, L., & Pierce, J. L. (2004). Psychological ownership and feelings of possession: three field studies predicting employee attitudes and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(4), 439-459. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.249

Walumbwa, F. O., Avolio, B. J., Gardner, W. L., Wernsing, T. S., & Peterson, S. J. (2007). Authentic Leadership: Development and Validation of a Theory-Based Measure†. Journal of Management, 34(1), 89-126. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206307308913

Zhang, Y., Guo, Y., Zhang, M., Xu, S., Liu, X., & Newman, A. (2021). Antecedents and outcomes of authentic leadership across culture: A meta-analytic review. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 39(4), 1399-1435. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-021-09762-0