The Influence of Socio-Economic Status, Parenting Style, and Self-Control on Children's Prosocial Behavior
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25217/0020258545800Keywords:
Parenting Style, Prosocial Behavior, Self-Control, Socioeconomic-StatusAbstract
The development of prosocial behavior in early childhood is crucial as it shapes future character and social interactions. This study explores the influence of socio-economic status, parenting patterns, and self-control on children’s prosocial behavior based on the Pancasila student profile at PAUD institutions in Lampung Province. Employing an associative quantitative approach with path analysis, the study involved 400 group B students. Data was collected through questionnaires, with socio-economic and parenting sections completed by parents, and prosocial behavior assessed by teachers. The instrument was tested for validity and reliability empirically, with valid items further evaluated using Cronbach's Alpha. Analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferential techniques with SmartPLS version 4. The findings reveal: (1) socio-economic status significantly affects parenting patterns, (2) socio-economic status directly influences self-control, (3) socio-economic status positively impacts prosocial behavior, (4) parenting patterns influence self-control, (5) parenting patterns directly affect prosocial behavior, and (6) self-control significantly impacts prosocial behavior. The study concludes that socio-economic status, parenting patterns, and self-control positively and directly shape prosocial behavior in alignment with the Pancasila student profile. Additionally, the indirect effect of socio-economic status on prosocial behavior through parenting patterns was found to be even more significant. These findings highlight the importance of fostering a supportive socio-economic environment, effective parenting, and strong self-control to nurture prosocial behavior in early childhood, contributing to the development of children who embody the values of the Pancasila student profile.
References
Ahmed, S., Foulkes, L., Leung, J. T., Griffin, C., Sakhardande, A., Bennett, M., Dunning, D. L., Griffiths, K., Parker, J., Kuyken, W., Williams, J. M. G., Dalgleish, T., & Blakemore, S. J. (2020). Susceptibility to prosocial and antisocial influence in adolescence. J Adolesc, 84, 56-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.07.012
Astuti, Y. D. (2023). Profil Pelajar Pancasila Sebagai Upaya Mewujudkan Identitas Nasional Era Revolusi Industri 4.0. Jurnal Pendidikan West Science, 1(02), 133-141. https://doi.org/10.58812/jpdws.v1i02.221
Baumeister, R. F., Vohs, K. D., & Tice, D. M. (2007). The Strength Model of Self-Control. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16(6), 351-355. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00534.x
Baumrind, D. (1991). The Influence of Parenting Style on Adolescent Competence and Substance Use. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 11(1), 56-95. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431691111004
Bian, F., & Wu, D. (2021). The impact of family socioeconomic status on prosocial behavior: a survey of college students in China. Current Psychology, 42(14), 12257-12266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02611-9
Bradley, R. H., & Corwyn, R. F. (2002). Socioeconomic status and child development. Annu Rev Psychol, 53, 371-399. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135233
Carlo, G., Knight, G. P., & Davis, A. N. (2022). Kindness towards all: Prosocial behaviors to address U.S. Latinx youth social inequities. Adv Child Dev Behav, 63, 129-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.acdb.2022.04.002
Carlo, G., White, R. M. B., Streit, C., Knight, G. P., & Zeiders, K. H. (2018). Longitudinal Relations Among Parenting Styles, Prosocial Behaviors, and Academic Outcomes in U.S. Mexican Adolescents. Child Dev, 89(2), 577-592. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12761
Chui, W. H., & Chan, H. C. O. (2014). Self-control, School Bullying Perpetration, and Victimization among Macanese Adolescents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(6), 1751-1761. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-014-9979-3
Duncan, G. J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (1997). Consequences of Growing Up Poor (G. J. Duncan & J. Brooks-Gunn, Eds.). Russell Sage Foundation. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7758/9781610448260
Eisenberg, N., Damon, W., & Lerner, R. M. (2006). Handbook of Child Psychology. In Volum; Emotional; and Personality Development (Sixth ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2006-08776-000
Fatimah, P. (2022). Peran Dukungan Keluarga dan Stres Kerja terhadap Work–life balance pada Paramedis Keperawatan Wanita di Rumah Sakit Kota Medan (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Medan Area). Google Scholar
Gao, C., Tadesse, E., & Khalid, S. (2022). Family socioeconomic status and the parent-child relationship in Chinese adolescents: the multiple serial mediating roles of visual art activities. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 1018. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13215-8
Gendolla, G., Tops, M., & Koole, S. (2015). Grounding self-regulation in the brain and body. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1236-0_1
Ghozali, & Latan. (2015). Evaluasi Model Pengukuran (Outer Model. Bab III Metoda Penelitian.
Habibi, Z. (2021). Effect of Parenting Style on Prosocial Behavior of Adolescents. 9. https://doi.org/10.25215/0902.132
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., & Babin, B. J. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective. Pearson Education. Google Scholar
Haryono, S. (2016). Metode Sem Untuk Penelitian Manajemen Amos Lisrel Pls. Google Scholar
Hollingsworth, H. L., & Winter, M. K. (2013). Teacher beliefs and practices relating to development in preschool: importance placed on social–emotional behaviours and skills. Early Child Development and Care, 183(12), 1758-1781. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2012.759567
Houle, A.-A., Besnard, T., Bérubé, A., & Dagenais, C. (2018). Factors that influence parent recruitment into prevention programs in early childhood: A concept map of parents', practitioners', and administrators' points of view. Children and Youth Services Review, 85, 127-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.12.014
Hoxha, L. (2015). Parenting Styles and Intrinsic Motivation Among High School Students -Do Parenting Styles Influence Motivation Orientation Liridona Jemini-Gashi Parenting Styles and Intrinsic Motivation Among High School Students - Do Parenting Styles Influence Motivatio. https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.1433.9368
Hur, Y. M., Taylor, J., Jeong, H. U., Park, M. S., & Haberstick, B. C. (2017). Perceived Family Cohesion Moderates Environmental Influences on Prosocial Behavior in Nigerian Adolescent Twins. Twin Res Hum Genet, 20(3), 226-235. https://doi.org/10.1017/thg.2017.15
Jing, X. (2023). Influence of Parenting Styles on Children’s Prosocial behavior. Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences, 8, 2569-2574. https://doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v8i.5032
Kadir, A., & Handayaningsih, A. (2020). Kekerasan Anak dalam Keluarga. Wacana, 12(2), 133-145. https://doi.org/10.13057/wacana.v12i2.172
Kadir, Ç., Saglik, E., Gullluce, A. C., Kaya, U., & Ozhan. (2014). Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction Relationship: A Research in 88 Erzurum Ataturk University Refectory. American International Journal of Contemporary Research. Google Scholar
Katz, I., Kaplan, A., & Buzukashvily, T. (2011). The role of parents' motivation in students' autonomous motivation for doing homework. Learning and Individual Differences, 21(4), 376-386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2011.04.001
Kaya, İ. (2020). Investigation of the relationship between children's prosocial behaviour and self-regulation skills. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 15(5), 877-886. https://doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v15i5.5071
Kochanska, G., Murray, K. T., & Harlan, E. T. (2000). Effortful control in early childhood: continuity and change, antecedents, and implications for social development. Dev Psychol, 36(2), 220-232. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10749079
Lengua, L. J., Moran, L., Zalewski, M., Ruberry, E., Kiff, C., & Thompson, S. (2015). Relations of growth in effortful control to family income, cumulative risk, and adjustment in preschool-age children. J Abnorm Child Psychol, 43(4), 705-720. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-014-9941-2
Lenzi, M., Vieno, A., Pastore, M., & Santinello, M. (2013). Neighborhood social connectedness and adolescent civic engagement: An integrative model. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 34, 45-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2012.12.003
Li, J. B., Delvecchio, E., Lis, A., Nie, Y. G., & Di Riso, D. (2015). Parental attachment, self-control, and depressive symptoms in Chinese and Italian adolescents: Test of a mediation model. J Adolesc, 43, 159-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.06.006
Li, J. B., Willems, Y. E., Stok, F. M., Dekovic, M., Bartels, M., & Finkenauer, C. (2019). Parenting and Self-Control Across Early to Late Adolescence: A Three-Level Meta-Analysis. Perspect Psychol Sci, 14(6), 967-1005. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691619863046
Li, Z., Liu, Y., Wang, J., Zhang, C., & Liu, Y. (2022). Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on mood symptoms in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Clin Pract, 47, 101570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101570
Maiya, S., Carlo, G., Gülseven, Z., & Crockett, L. (2020). Direct and indirect effects of parental involvement, deviant peer affiliation, and school connectedness on prosocial behaviors in U.S. Latino/a youth. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 37(10-11), 2898-2917. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407520941611
Malonda, E., Llorca, A., Mesurado, B., Samper, P., & Mestre, M. V. (2019). Parents or Peers? Predictors of Prosocial Behavior and Aggression: A Longitudinal Study. Front Psychol, 10(OCT), 2379. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02379
Matondang, E. S. (2017). Perilaku Prososial (Prosocial Behavior) Anak Usia Dini Dan Pengelolaan Kelas Melalui Pengelompokan Usia Rangkap (Multiage Grouping). EduHumaniora | Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Kampus Cibiru, 8(1), 34. https://doi.org/10.17509/eh.v8i1.5120
Mischel, W., Shoda, Y., & Rodriguez, M. I. (1989). Delay of gratification in children. Science, 244(4907), 933-938. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.2658056
Musyaffi, A. M., Khairunnisa, H., & Respati, D. K. (2022). Konsep Dasar Structural Equation Modelpartial Least Square (Sem-Pls) Menggunakan SmartPLS. Pascal Books. Google Scholar
Newland, R. P., Crnic, K. A., Cox, M. J., Mills-Koonce, W. R., & Family Life Project Key, I. (2013). The family model stress and maternal psychological symptoms: mediated pathways from economic hardship to parenting. J Fam Psychol, 27(1), 96-105. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031112
Nopiana, K., B, A., & Suryadi. (2022). Perilaku Sosial Anak Usia Dini di Pesisir Kota Agung. Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood Issues, 5(1). https://doi.org/https://jurnal.fkip.unila.ac.id/index.php/IJECI/article/view/25923
Padilla‐Walker, L. M., Dyer, W. J., Yorgason, J. B., Fraser, A. M., & Coyne, S. M. (2013). Adolescents' Prosocial Behavior Toward Family, Friends, and Strangers: A Person‐Centered Approach. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 25(1), 135-150. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12102
Papadopoulos, D. (2021). Parenting the Exceptional Social-Emotional Needs of Gifted and Talented Children: What Do We Know? Children (Basel), 8(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/children8110953
Papalia, D. E. (2014). Human Development, edisi 10. Salemba Humanika. Google Scholar
Quan, S. (2021). Socioeconomic status and prosocial behaviors among Chinese emerging adults: Sequential mediators of parental warmth and personal belief in a just world. Children and Youth Services Review, 120(November), 105680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105680
Ren, M., Zhong, B., Fan, W., Dai, H., Yang, B., Zhang, W., Yin, Z., Liu, J., Li, J., & Zhan, Y. (2018). The Influence of Self-Control and Social Status on Self-Deception. Front Psychol, 9(SEP), 1256. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01256
Rohendi, E. (2018). Mengembangkan Sikap Dan Perilaku Anak Usia Dini Melalui Pendidikan Berbasis Karakter. Cakrawala Dini: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.17509/cd.v3i1.10318
Rusnaini, R., Raharjo, R., Suryaningsih, A., & Noventari, W. (2021). Intensifikasi Profil Pelajar Pancasila dan Implikasinya Terhadap Ketahanan Pribadi Siswa. Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional, 27(2), 230–249. https://doi.org/10.22146/jkn.67613
Russell, B. S., Londhe, R., & Britner, P. A. (2012). Parental Contributions to the Delay of Gratification in Preschool-aged Children. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 22(4), 471-478. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-012-9599-8
Sari, E., & Rachman, A. (2020). The Influence of Parenting Patterns and Family Socio-Economic Status with Language Ability on Children's Social Development. Journal of K6 Education and Management, 3(4), 435-445. https://doi.org/10.11594/jk6em.03.04.03
Schmidt-Barad, T., & Uziel, L. (2020). When (state and trait) powers collide: Effects of power-incongruence and self-control on prosocial behavior. Personality and Individual Differences, 162(March), 110009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110009
Sugiyono. (2016). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif, Kuantitatif dan R&D. Alfabeta. Google Scholar
Sulis. (2016). Kasus Bullying di Lampung, Anak TK Rebut Bekal Temannya lalu Diinjak-injak. Tribun Lampung.
Sulistyati, D. M., Wahyaningsih, S., & Wijania, I. W. (2021). Buku Panduan Guru Projek Penguatan Profil Pancasila Satuan PAUD. In Buku Panduan Guru Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila. Google Scholar
Takahashi, Y., Okada, K., Hoshino, T., & Anme, T. (2015). Developmental Trajectories of Social Skills during Early Childhood and Links to Parenting Practices in a Japanese Sample. PloS one, 10(8), e0135357. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135357
Wakiuru, M. M. (2016). September 2016. Current History, 115(784), 328-328. https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.2016.115.784.328
Warsono, H. T. (2016). Siswa PAUD Dianiaya Anak TK Termasuk Kasus Restorasi Justice. Tempo.co
Winter, L., Morawska, A., & Sanders, M. R. (2011). The Effect of Behavioral Family Intervention on Knowledge of Effective Parenting Strategies. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 21(6), 881-890. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-011-9548-y
Wiranata, S. (2018). Metode Penelitian Bisnis dan Ekonomi. Pustaka Baru. Google Scholar
Wrulich, M., Brunner, M., Stadler, G., Schalke, D., Keller, U., Chmiel, M., & Martin, R. (2013). Childhood intelligence and adult health: The mediating roles of education and socioeconomic status. Intelligence, 41(5), 490-500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2013.06.015
Yunus, K. R. M., & Dahlan, N. A. (2013). Child-rearing Practices and Socio-economic Status: Possible Implications for Children's Educational Outcomes. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 90(InCULT 2012), 251-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.07.089
Zahro, L., & Windiarti, R. (2021). The Influence of Parents' Socio-Economic Status on Prosocial Behavior of Early Age Children How to cite History Article. 10, 139–144. https://doi.org/10.15294/belia.v10i2.35917
Zhang, H., & Zhao, H. (2021). Influence of urban residents' life satisfaction on prosocial behavioral intentions in the community: A multiple mediation model. J Community Psychol, 49(2), 406-418. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22467
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Suryadi Suryadi, Nurbiana Dhieni, Edwita Edwita
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
