Rekontruksi Asas Otoritas Syariah Dalam Hukum Perbankan

Studi Komparasi Beberapa Negara Muslim

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Rekonstruksi asas dan model otoritas syariah dalam hukum perbankan di Indonesia dan berbagai negara muslim berada  dalam  tarik  menarik  antara prinsip legalitas, kompetensi, dan independensi. Hal itu dituangkan dalam tiga elemen utama otoritas syariah: otoritas produksi fatwa, proses transformasi fatwa dalam hukum positif, dan mekanisme pengawasan kepatuhan syariah. Formula di Indonesia adalah bentuk kompromi yang mengedepankan prinsip independensi terhadap negara dan meneguhkan praktek living law. Model  ini relevan untuk periode transisi. Namun dalam  jangka panjang, diperlukan model otoritas yang tak hanya independen secara politik hukum, tapi juga legitimated dalam aspek legalitas dan daya ikat produk hukum, serta kredibel dari aspek kompetensi.

Kata Kunci: Otoritas Syariah; Hukum Perbankan Islam; Fatwa.

ABSTRACT

The reconstruction of the principles and models of sharia authority in Islamic banking law in Indonesia and various Muslim countries is in a tension between the principles of legality, competence and independence. This is stated in three main elements of sharia authority: the authority of fatwa production, the process of transformation of fatwa in positive law, and the mechanism of sharia compliance monitoring. Formula in Indonesia is a form of compromise that promotes the principle of independence of the state and reinforces the practice of living law. This model is relevant for the transition period. But in the long period, we need a model of authority that is not only politically independent from the state, but is also legitimated in terms of legality and the binding capacity of legal products, as well as credible in terms of competence aspects.

Keywords: Sharia Authority; Islamic Banking Law; Fatwa.